The real question here is what can be tracked and what cannot.
Typically, most of your traffic is over HTTPS, and doesn't reveal anything about your browsing.
The main exception is your DNS queries, those are send in plain text to your DNS provider. You can use a service like DNScrypt, but it slows browsing down considerably. It's worth noting that your computer/phone/whatever keeps a local DNS cache, so you don't have to make that DNS lookup that often (usually once a day).
Now, the easiest way to get around this is to use a VPN. The main things to look for are \
1)Can you pay anonymously? and
2)Do they keep access logs?
Without both of those things, a VPN is trivial to snoop on for the powers that be.
You've probably also heard of TOR browser, and the privacy wonders that creates. Well, there's good evidence to show that the NSA is heavily monitoring the TOR network, and likely runs a significant number of TOR nodes. What does that mean for you? Likely nothing, they're more interested in catching terrorists and whatnot.
Personally, I don't use TOR because it invites unwanted attention. Your ISP can absolutely tell that you're using it, as can anyone else who's watching.
All of that to say, the law they rolled back was passed in 2016, so we're back to how the internet always was, a privacy nightmare. The bigger threat here isn't individual privacy, but instead the ability for large amounts of data to be used to profile and predict individuals of interest. Statistical fortune telling, if you will.
