Also think architecture, Frank Lloyd Wright in Chicago, I.M. Pei, etc. Also, don't neglect the frames, which can be magnificent.
That being noted, Chicago. Chicago Museum of Modern Art. A ton of famous paintings and painters; Andy Warhol, The Nighthawks by Edward Hopper, Farmer and Wife "American Gothic" by Grant Wood.
If you get to Europe, in Amsterdam go to the Vincent Van Gough museum. This is what I noticed. Van Gough painted with broad brush strokes, think Starry Night. If you're in the museum stand across from the atrium and then look at the paintings. It makes more sense, IMHO. Very bold and interesting, and the colors meld together into a blended piece.
I'm not so much into modern art. Maybe in 500 years, it'll be considered amazing, but it seems awfully lazy to me and too much interpretation.
My favorite museum in the world is the Chicago Museum of Modern Art, bar none. And I have traveled extensively globally.