There are many SBs who say they are students, but are not. They may be pros, students on hiatus, etc.
I haven't done any research on this, but I get the impression that the share of co-eds who are currently or have been SBs could be in the ballpark of 5%.
I think NYU has the largest number of SBs at one institution. I don't recall the exact number, but I'm pretty sure it's well into triple digits.
As noted, many SBs put "student" in their profile when they are not currently students, for various reasons. I wouldn't be surprised if it's grossly overstated. Also, it should be noted that D.C. is a very atypical area in many regards, one of them being that is is the largest relative net "importer" of college students. Given that background, a whopping 44% of all SBs in D.C. list the word "student" somewhere in their profile, including as their occupation. The absolute number was just under 1,800.
Looking at enrollment stats, Georgetown = 18,000; GW = 26,000; American University = 10,000; Howard = 10,000; UDC = 6,000; Catholic = 7,000. Ignoring a handful of smaller institutions, that totals to about 77,000. Of course, not all the students live in the District, but I'll assume so for simplicity. Assuming that half the students are male (probably closer to 45% in reality), that means there are 1,800 SBs out of about 38,000 students, or something like 4.5%.
I'm sure that there is a huge variation by school and area, but something in the large ballpark of 1-5% seems reasonable to me.
From an article in The Atlantic, these are the schools with the most SBs on SA. (Keep in mind that there are lots of SBs on other sites or not on websites.)
Using half the overall enrollment as the base, these are approximate percentages:
Georgia State 816 (5.1%)
Central Florida 835 (2.8%)
Kent State (??) 845 (4.1%)
Arizona State 923 (2.6%)
NYU 1,057 (4.2%)
Keep in mind that these schools have the most SBs, not necessarily the highest percentage of SBs in the student body.