The Fields Medal is considered to be the equivalent Nobel prize for mathematics. John Charles Fields (1863-1932), a Canadian mathematician, endowed funds in his will for an award for mathematical achievement and promise that would emphasize the international character of the mathematical endeavor. The first Fields Medal was awarded at the International Congress of Mathematics meeting in Oslo in 1936. Since 1950 the medal has been awarded every four years at the International Mathematical Congress to between 2 and 4 mathematicians. Although there is no specific age restriction in Fields' will, he did wish that the awards recognize both existing work and the promise of future achievement, so the medals have been restricted to mathematicians under the age of 40.
No woman mathematician has ever won a Fields Medal.
"Even in uniform Dr Mary Walker was controversial - she added trousers under her skirt, wore a man's uniform jacket and carried two pistols at all times."
Also of note is Rosalind Franklin (1920-1957), whose X-ray diffraction work on the A and B fibers of DNA formed the basis of the Watson & Crick double-helix model.
Although the story of the Watson & Crick's "discovery" of the double-helix, based on Franklin's X-ray diffraction data, is pretty sorted, I think you have to separate Francis Crick from James Watson.
Francis Crick is a very well-regarded scientist separate from the double-helix controversy, and made real contributions to diffraction theory. In his later life, he went on to emphasize the importance of neurosciences at the Salk Institute. I've never heard anything negative about him - Crick in many ways is a good example of the English gentleman and scientist.
James Watson, on the other hand, is the promoter (i.e., self-promoter).
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