bring us some swallow peas. RH you should try the peas they are not as bad as they look and they are good for you.

What you're describing as the seller paying for the shipping is shipping via CIF,CIP. Most companies ship via FOB. it's gives the buyers more flexibility and cost less if you have a good logistic coordinators. That's a topic all it's own
Tariffs are paid by the buyer, most tariffs cost are expected and are padded in the cost.Once the tariffs exceed what was allocated in cost, then depending the company's margin goals, then some companies will either absorb the cost,split with the customer or all is pass to the customer. It depends on the relationship between buyer and seller.
In my case, trump hit my business sector with 2 increases. there was a third one planned but he backed out of that one, The first hit we split with our vendors in China, the last hit was passed to the customer.
There's more but you get the ideal.

Re: How? Elaborate GentleGay

It is not my job to 'educate' you ... but I think you know how to google. So just google:
1. Chinese international treaties in last two years.
2. Chinese expansion over south China sea and Indian ocean.
3. Chinese global plans and execution

In essence when your stupid king was making US to retrieve from the world affairs (Asia-Pacific Treaty, WHO, Paris agreement just to name a few), China came in filled the void created and more. And, once gained it is hard to lose unless you get a stupid (like Trump) MAKE you lose!