Finding a hotel within walking distance of a strip hotel depends on what you meant by "walking distance". Most of the strip clubs are along industrial boulevard west of the strip. My guess is you'd be walking a minimum of 2 to 3 miles one way. The cab for that distance is a lot less than you'd spend at the strip club.
Pricing of hotels in Las Vegas is the opposite of most hotels. They are more expensive on Friday/Saturday and less so the remainder of the week.
Center Strip Non-Gaming Properties that can be had for under $200 (depending on timing)
Vdara at City Center
Signature at MGM Grand
Trump (although I think this is further north that you want
Elara at Planet Hollywood
Center Strip Gaming Properties:
Mirage
Monte Carlo
Bally's
Paris
Planet Hollywood
Sites to see/experience:
Forum shops at Caesar's with animatronic shows.
Canal shops at Venetian with Gondola rides.
Water show at Bellagio
Volcano at Mirage
The Higher Roller Observation wheel
Battlefield Vegas (they pick you up at your hotel in a Humvee and take you to a shooting range with live machine guns)
Steakhouse in a tree house at Crystal's Shopping Center.
Three story chandelier with a bar inside at Cosmopolitan.
Nerdy Tours (my personal favorite)
Pin Ball Museum
Tour Hoover Dam
Clubs
Not a club person per se, but the mix lounge on top of the Delano has wonderful views of the strip at night.
The bar at the Mandarin Oriental is very nice.
The Peppermill Restaurant is excellent for breakfast and is attached to the Fireside lounge. I hear the bar is very good.
Generally speaking, food and drink is expensive in Las Vegas, think NYC prices. If you are interested in saving money in this area, book Vdara/Elara/Signature with frigs and by food/booze at a Von's or other retailer