How do you know if you were "moderated"? Does the moderator let you know they have decided not to post you message or reply?

you will instead see a message stating that your message is being held pending moderation

Go to the My TER tab then My Message Boards down on the left.  Here you will see all your posts.  To the right there is a "Status" column that will show the status of your post (new, active, not allowed (moderated)).  There is also a usually note on why a post was not allowed (removal of thread, branch, etc.)

highly unpaid assistants told you what happens when your post is moderated.  I'm am the/ newbie host, but unlike when I was a moderator, I do not have the ability to moderate or un-moderate posts.  Only admin now has that power.