Buckhead is top of the list for sure.
Midtown is a fine location too. The deal is getting around whether in call or out call. Its just a traffic nightmare from downtown to 20 miles outside the perimeter ( I285 ). Conyers is kinda country and not close to downtown where the money and clients are located.
Athens is a college town 50 miles north - forget that one. Covington, again country and far away from Atlanta.
Basically I would stay inside the perimeter - Its the circular highway that circles the downtown area.
So " google" .......Buckhead, mid town, Ansley park , Atlantic station, Piedmont park, Chastain is a nice area.
If that does not work I would only suggest Dunwoody or Marietta.
Just google, and maybe look at maps so you get a feel of the locations I've mentioned.

Buckhead is good,  I believe inside the Perimeter is good.  Alpharetta is also good, in my book.  Stay out of Dunwoody....Sandy Springs is questionable.  But, as long as you SCREEN like hell, you'll be okay.  Midtown Atlanta is always really good.  Fun, no need for a rental and plenty of things to do and places to eat!  Good luck!  

The area you want is north of downtown Atlanta. There is a Buckhead, GA that is out by the towns you've listed. Try searching in Atlanta looking for the Buckhead area.  Hope this helps.